So, we were able to build for a term its word usage tree: the root groups together all possible usages of this term and a search in the tree corresponds to a refinement of these word usages. The labelling of the various nodes of the word usage tree of a term is made during a width-first search: the root is labelled by the term itself and each node of the tree is labelled by a term stemming from the clique or quasi-clique this node represents. We show on a precise example that it is possible that some nodes of the tree, often leaves, cannot be labelled without ambiguity.
This paper ends with an evaluation about word usages detected in our lexical network. Abstract—In this paper, we present RefGen, a reference chain identification module for French. The module applies strong and weak filters lexical, morphosyntactic and semantic filters to automatically identify coreference relations between referential expressions.
We evaluate the results obtained by RefGen from a public reports corpus. The paper presents a graph-based, shallow semantic analysis-driven approach for modeling document contents. This allows to extract additional information about meaning of text and effects in improved document classification.
We describe some of the phenomena which are currently covered. While working on the grammar, we developed a test suite with positive and negative examples from the linguistic literature. To be able to test the coverage of the grammar with respect to naturally occurring sentences, we use a subcorpus of a big corpus of Persian. The paper presents WordnetLoom -- a new version of an application supporting the development of the Polish wordnet called plWordNet.
The primary user interface of WordnetLoom is a graph-based, graphical, active presentation of the wordnet structure. Linguist can directly work on the structure of synsets linked by relation links. The new version is compared with the previous one in order to show the lines of development and to illustrate the difference introduced. A new version of WordnetWeaver -- a tool supporting semi-automated expansion of wordnet is also presented. The new version is based on the same user interface as WordnetLoom, gives access the linguist to all types of relations and is tightly integrated with the rest of the wordnet editor.
The role of the system in the wordnet development process, as well, as experience from its application are discussed. A set of WWW-based tools supporting coordination of team work and verification is also presented. There are numerous formats for writing spell checkers for open source systems, and descriptions for languages written in formats.
Similarly for word hyphenation by computer there are TeX rules for many languages. In this paper we demonstrate a method for converting all these old spell checking lexicons and hyphenation rulesets into finite-state automata, and present a new finite-state based system for writer's tools used in current open source software such as Firefox, OpenOffice. The Polish Cyc lexicon as a bridge between Polish language and the Semantic Web Cyc, ontology, semantic web, lexicon, machine translation Aleksander Pohl, pages — In this paper we discuss the problem of building the Polish lexicon for the Cyc ontology.
As the ontology is very complex and huge we describe semi-automatic translation of part of it, which might be useful for tasks laying on the border between fields of Semantic Web and Natural Language Processing. We concentrate on precise identification of lexemes, which is crucial for tasks such as natural language generation in massively inflected languages like Polish, and we also concentrate on multi-word entries, since in Cyc for every 10 concepts, 9 of them is mapped to expressions containing more than one word.
Tools for syntactic concordancing 38 concordancing, collocations, multi-word expressions, multilingualism, syntactic analysis Violeta Seretan, Eric Wehrli, pages — Concordancers are tools that display the immediate context for the occurrences of a given word in a corpus. Also called KWIC — Key Word in Context tools, they are essential in the work of lexicographers, corpus linguists, and translators alike.
We present an enhanced type of concordancer, which relies on a syntactic parser and on statistical association measures in order to detect those words in the context that are syntactically related to the sought word and are the most relevant for it, because together they may participate in multi-word expressions MWEs. Our syntax-based concordancer highlights the MWEs in a corpus, groups them into syntactically-homogeneous classes e. In addition, parallel sentence alignment and MWE translation techniques are used to display the translation of the source sentence in another language, and to automatically find a translation for the identified MWEs.
The tool also offers functionalities for building a MWE database, and is available both off-line and on-line for a number languages among which English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Greek and Romanian. Finding regularities in large data sets requires implementations of systems that are efficient in both time and space requirements. Here, we describe a newly developed system that exploits the internal structure of the enhanced suffixarray to find significant patterns in a large collection of sequences.
The system searches exhaustively for all significantly compressing patterns where patterns may consist of symbols and skips or wildcards. We demonstrate a possible application of the system by detecting interesting patterns in a Dutch and an English corpus. We formulate a novel problem of summarising entities with limited presentation budget on entity-relationship knowledge graphs and propose an efficient algorithm for solving this problem.
The algorithm has been implemented together with a visualising tool. Experimental user evaluation of the algorithm was conducted on real large semantic knowledge graphs extracted from the web. The reported results of experimental user evaluation are promising and encourage to continue the work on improving the algorithm. Hempelmann, pages — The paper analyzes multiple noun expressions, as part of the implementation of the Ontological Semantic Technology, which uses the lexicon, ontology and semantic text analyzer to access the meaning of text.
Because the analysis and results depend on the lexical senses of words, general principles of lexical acquisition are discussed. The success in interpretation and classification of such expressions is demonstrated on randomly selected sequences. The settting up of a translation service at UOC based on Apertium shows the growing interest of this kind of institution for open-source solutions in which their investment is oriented toward adding value to the available features to offer the best possible adapted service to their user community.
The on-going project aiming at the creation of the National Corpus of Polish assumes several levels of linguistic annotation. We present the technical environment and methodological background developed for the three upper annotation levels: the level of syntactic words and groups and the level of named entities.
We show how knowledge-based platforms Spejd and Sprout are used for the automatic pre-annotation of the corpus, and we discuss some particular problems faced during the elaboration of the syntactic grammar, which contains over rules and is one of the largest chunking grammars for Polish. We also show how the tree editor TrEd has been customized for manual post-editing of annotations, and for further revision of discrepancies.
Our XML format converters and customized archiving repository ensure the automatic data flow and efficient corpus file management. We believe that this environment or substantial parts of it can be reused in or adapted to other corpus annotation tasks. We present a method for improving existing statistical machine translation methods using an information-base compiled from a bilingual corpus as well as sequence alignment and pattern matching techniques from the area of machine learning and bioinformatics.
An alignment algorithm identifies similar sentences, which are then used to construct a better word order for the translation. Our preliminary test results indicate a significant improvement of the translation quality. A Web-based system for human evaluation of machine translation is presented in this paper. The system is based on comprehension tests similar to the ones used in Polish matura secondary school-leaving examinations. The results of preliminary experiments for Polish-English and English-Polish machine translation evaluation are presented and discussed.
German subordinate clause word order in dialogue-based CALL. We present a dialogue system for exercising the German subordinate clause word order. We report on the system we built and an experimental methodology which we use in order to investigate whether the computer-based conversational focused task we designed promotes acquisition of the form. Our goal is two-fold: First, learners should improve their overall communicative skills in the task scenario and, second, they should improve their mastery of the structure.
In this paper, we present a methodology for evaluating learners' progress on the latter. The phonemic statistics were collected from several large Polish corpora. The paper presents methodology of the acquisition process, summarisation of the data and some phenomena in the statistics.
Triphone statistics apply context-dependent speech units which have an important role in speech technologies. The phonemic alphabet for Polish, SAMPA, and methods of providing phonemic transcriptions are described with detailed comments. Automatic subtitling of television content has become an approachable challenge due to the advancement of the technology involved.
APyCA, the prototype system described in this paper, has been developed in an attempt to automate the process of subtitling television content in Spanish through the application of state-of-the-art speech and language technologies. Voice activity detection, automatic speech recognition and alignment, discourse segment detection and speaker diarization have proved to be useful to generate time-coded colour-assigned draft transcriptions for post-editing.
A good data model designed for e-Commerce or e-Government has little value if it lacks accurate, up-to-date data. We also introduce a notion of trust, which extends the concept of data quality and allows businesses to consider additional factors, that can influence the decision making process.
In the solutions presented here, we would like to utilize existing tools provided by IBM in an innovative way and provide new data structures and algorithms for calculating scores for persistent and transient quality and trust factors. Skulimowski, pages — The article features the results of two initial stages of the Infomat-E project. The project is to provide access to information to people with sight and hearing dysfunctions through a hardware-software solution.
So far, a number of analyses have been conducted within the project with respect to the method in which the contents of information is presented as well as interaction with the devices that present this information. These included the analysis of suitable colours, font sizes, ergonomic layout of screen menu bars, and ergonomic keyboards — to make them most convenient for people with sight and hearing dysfunctions.
There were also analyses conducted how written texts are understood, especially in the case of the deaf. The project assumes integration of elements which were results of separate research projects. Within the project, the following will be used: speech synthesis, speech analysis, presentation of ideas with the use of the sign language.
The project will result in the Infomat-E system which will present information in kiosks specially designed to suit the needs of people with sight and hearing dysfunctions. The article features the results of the conducted analytical works which lay at the basis of the technical concept of the system. This concept is presented in the article too.
Bidirectional voting and continuous voting concepts as possible impact of Internet use on democratic voting process internet, bidirectional voting, continuous voting Jacek Wachowicz, pages — Democracies need elections for choosing their authorities and governments.
However, Internet is a medium that may change possibilities and may change elections. The main issue is concern on how changes may influence whole democratic process. This paper shows two possible ideas — of bidirectional voting, continuous voting and considers possible reasons for introducing changes as well as consequences.
An introductory research in this matter gives additional hints. The aim of this paper is to attract attention to the double jeopardy phenomenon. Double jeopardy seems to very often go unnoticed by companies while they look for an explanation as to why their efforts to enhance the intensity of brand usage are unsuccessful.
The clue is that the companies do not pay enough attention to raising the market share. Our discussion in this paper refers to informational websites. Our aim is not to form a final conclusion as to whether there is a double jeopardy phenomenon or not on this particular market. Instead, the conclusion is reached that although the double jeopardy pattern can be observed on the virtual market, the nature of virtual markets can oppose this phenomenon.
Blogs are very popular Internet communication tools. The process of knowledge sharing is a very important activity in the contemporary information era. Blogs are used for knowledge sharing on any subject all over the world. However, it is not easy to find valuable knowledge in the huge amount of invalid information.
In this study the Simple Blog Searching framework is proposed to improve the blog searching process. The social network analysis methods of centrality measuring help to choose more easily the best results form the long list of hits, received from a blog search tool. To incorporate social network analysis methods, the blog searching have to be expanded with the blog links searching.
GridSpace 2 is a novel virtual laboratory framework enabling researchers to conduct virtual experiments on Grid-based resources and other HPC infrastructures. GridSpace 2 facilitates exploratory development of experiments by means of scripts which can be written in a number of popular languages, including Ruby, Python and Perl. The framework supplies a repository of gems enabling scripts to interface low-level resources such as PBS queues, EGEE computing elements, scientific applications and other types of Grid resources.
Moreover, GridSpace 2 provides a Web 2. We present an overview of the most important features of the Experiment Workbench, which is the main user interface of the Virtual laboratory, and discuss a sample experiment from the computational chemistry domain. The paper proposes a model which allows integration of services published by independent providers into scientific or business workflows.
Optimization algorithms are proposed for both distribution of input data for parallel processing and service selection within the workflow. Furthermore, the author has implemented a workflow editor and execution engine on a platform called BeesyCluster which allows easy and fast publishing and integration of scientific and business services. Several tests have been implemented and run in BeesyCluster using services for a practical digital photography workflow with and without budget constraints.
Two alternative goals are considered: minimization of the execution time with a budget constraint or a linear combination of cost and time. The paper presents a concept, implementation and real examples of dynamic parallelization of computations using services derived from MPI applications deployed in the BeesyCluster environment. The load balancing algorithm invokes distributed services to solve subproblems of the original problem. Services may be installed on various clusters or servers by their providers and made available through the BeesyCluster middleware.
It is possible to search for services and select them dynamically during parallelization to match the desired function the service should perform with descriptions of services. Dynamic discovery of services is useful when providers publish new services. Costs of services may be incorporated into the selection decision. A real example of integration of a given function using distributed services has been implemented, run on several different clusters without or with external load and optimized to hide communication latency.
A Rule Engine allows the user a flexible definition of data storage, data access and data processing. This paper presents scenarios and a tool to measure the performance of an iRODS environment as well as results of such measurements with large datasets. Dowiedz si, jakie informacje zawiera wcze niejszy raport i jakie s oczekiwania wobec kolejnego.
Dowiedz si, kto b dzie przemawia. Kto z banku centralnego czy mo e przedstawiciel rz du lub wielkiego banku inwestycyjnego? Jak postaw prezentowa dawniej i co mo e powiedzie teraz? Sprawd, kiedy odbywaj si posiedzenia i jakich informacji spodziewa si rynek. Analizuje p ynno. Je li wydaje im si, e maj do czynienia z trendem, podporz dkowuj si i p yn z pr dem cz ciej ni pod pr d.
Skuteczni traderzy maj przede wszystkim wiadomo unikatowych cech ka dej z par walutowych i potrafi dostosowa do nich strategi i taktyk gry. Kieruj uwag na inne pary tylko wtedy, gdy kursy znajduj si w silnym trendzie lub osi gaj kluczowe poziomy cenowe. Jedno z naszych ulubionych powiedzonek tego typu brzmi: Byki i nied wiedzie maj swoje miejsca przy stole, a tylko os y zostaj o suchym pysku.
Skuteczni traderzy regularnie realizuj zyski, niezale nie od tego, czy s to zyski cz ciowe efekt redukcji pozycji nabieraj cej warto ci , czy ostateczne, trafiaj ce na konto po zamkni ciu pozycji i wyj ciu z rynku po pozytywnych zmianach. Handel oparty na stop-lossach Wszyscy, nawet najskuteczniejsi traderzy, od czasu do czasu trac pieni dze. Nikt nie lubi traci pieni dzy, ale najlepsi traderzy potrafi zaakceptowa strat, jako koszt swojej aktywno ci na rynku. Jedynym sposobem os odzenia sobie goryczy pora ki jest przede wszystkim sprawienie, by straty by y minimalne.
Je li na przyk ad waluta ameryka ska umacnia si, stopy dochodowo ci dziesi cioletnich obligacji rz du USA rosn, a ceny z ota spadaj, to jest to potwierdzenie, e inne rynki nie maj nic przeciwko wzrostowi warto ci dolara. Nie wahaj si wyda paru z otych na dodatkowe us ugi analityczne, zawieraj ce podawane na bie co informacje np. Jak zapobiega wy omom w dyscyplinie gry. Nikt nie ma zawsze racji, dlatego im szybciej zaakceptujesz fakt, e ma e straty s cz ci codziennej gry, tym szybciej skupisz si na rozpoznawaniu nowych okazji do zysku i realizacji sprawdzaj cych si strategii.
Spekulowanie bez planu Otwarcie pozycji bez konkretnego planu jest niczym pro ba skierowana do rynku, by inni gracze wzi li sobie Twoje pieni dze. Je li kursy nie zachowaj si zgodnie z Twoimi przypuszczeniami, to kiedy zamkniesz przynosz c straty pozycj? Je li rynek zachowa si tak, jak prognozowa e, kiedy zrealizujesz zysk? Pokonaj w sobie sk onno do dzia ania pod wp ywem chwili, bez jasno zdefiniowanego planu zarz dzania ryzykiem.
Przemy l zawczasu, kiedy chcesz wej i na jakim poziomie wyj z zajmowanej pozycji korzystaj c ze zlece stop-loss i take-profit. Pami taj o zwi kszonym ryzyku zwi zanym z gr w czasie poprzedzaj cym i nast puj cym po publikacji wa nych danych i informacji. Wykorzystaj kalendarz wydarze w celu identyfikacji ryzyka zwi zanego z najbli szymi wydarzeniami oraz uwzgl dniaj je w swoim planie dzia ania, nawet je li b dzie to decyzja o wyj ciu z rynku, zanim zacznie si reakcja na nap ywaj ce informacje.
Je li nie decydujesz si na zamkni cie zlecenia z ma strat, dlaczego mia by zdecydowa si na zamkni cie wtedy, gdy strata jest ju bardzo du a? Zbyt wielka liczba operacji mo e sugerowa, e zawsze co godnego uwagi dzieje si na rynku i zawsze wiesz, co to jest. Je li zawsze masz jak otwart pozycj, jeste przez ca y czas nara ony na straty. A istot zdyscyplinowanej gry jest minimalizacja ekspozycji na niepotrzebne ryzyko rynkowe. Powiniene raczej skoncentrowa si na okazjach, gdy uwa asz, e masz przewag nad reszt graczy, i wtedy w a nie stosowa zasady strategii.
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| Marek matuszek forex market | Traditional numerical https://promocodecasino.website/different-ethereum-wallets/2107-sportsbook-betting-odds.php are therefore not appropriate to solve the system. Because the analysis and results depend on the lexical senses of words, general principles of lexical acquisition are discussed. Blogs are very popular Internet communication tools. Hempelmann, pages — User generated content in the form of customer reviews, feedbacks and comments plays an important role in all kind of Internet services and activities like news, shopping, forums and blogs. |
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| Betfred sportsbook betting percentages | This paper ends with an evaluation about word usages detected in our lexical network. The stochastic Lotka-Volterra model is an infinite Markov population model that has applications in various life science domains. The algorithm has been implemented together with a visualising tool. While most market techniques concentrate on binary negative or positive opinion orientation, we use a real-valued scale for marek opinion and sentiment strengths. Triphone statistics apply context-dependent speech units which have an important role in speech technologies. |
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| Volman forex price action scalping pdf editor | Two relational database management systems and four different well-known English stemming algorithms have been tried. Dowiedz si, kto b dzie przemawia. The proposed system is speaker-independent and achieves an efficiency of Marek matuszek forex market, the prototype system described in this paper, has been developed in an attempt to automate the process of subtitling television content in Spanish through the application of state-of-the-art speech and language technologies. Furthermore, they are based on generic features that are not specific to any particular language. We present a tool that facilitates the efficient extension of morphological lexica. |
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| Marek matuszek forex market | We also show how the tree editor TrEd has been customized for manual post-editing of annotations, and for further revision of discrepancies. In this paper, we present an efficient market for automatic extraction of Arabic MWTs. Forex nie ma zawsze racji, dlatego im szybciej zaakceptujesz fakt, e ma e straty s cz ci codziennej gry, tym szybciej skupisz si na rozpoznawaniu nowych okazji do zysku i realizacji sprawdzaj cych si strategii. Jak zapobiega wy omom w dyscyplinie gry. Exploring photo collections using opinion and sentiment analysis of user comments marek matuszek Slava Kisilevich, Christian Rohrdantz, Daniel Keim, pages — |
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