For example, certain industries, such as defense, tobacco or fossil fuel producers, can systematically be excluded from investment. Ex-Dividend - The interval between the announcement and the payment of the next dividend for a stock. Ex-Dividend date - The date on which a stock goes ex-dividend.
Typically about three weeks before the dividend is paid to shareholders of record. Exchange privilege - The ability to transfer money from one mutual fund to another within the same fund family. Expense ratio - The ratio between a mutual fund's operating expenses for the year and the average value of its net assets. Expense ratio date - Amount, expressed as a percentage of total investment that shareholders pay annually for mutual fund operating expenses and management fees. The most sensitive indicator of the direction of interest rates, since it is set daily by the market, unlike the prime rate and the discount rate, which are periodically changed by banks and by the Federal Reserve Board.
Federal Reserve Board The Fed - The governing board of the Federal Reserve System, it regulates the nation's money supply by setting the discount rate, tightening or easing the availability of credit in the economy.
Financial materiality - An event or information that are reasonably likely to impact the financial condition or operating performance of a company and should be considered during the investment decision-making process. Fixed income fund - A fund or portfolio where bonds are primarily purchased as investments. There is no fixed maturity date and no repayment guarantee. Fixed income security - A security that pays a set rate of interest on a regular basis. Fund - A pool of money from a group of investors in order to buy securities.
The two major ways funds may be offered are 1 by companies in the securities business these funds are called mutual funds ; and 2 by bank trust departments these are called collective funds. Green Bond Principles - Voluntary process guidelines that recommend transparency and disclosure and promote integrity in the development of the Green Bond market by clarifying the approach for issuance of a Green Bond.
Growth investing - Investment strategy that focuses on stocks of companies and stock funds where earnings are growing rapidly and are expected to continue growing. Growth stock - Typically a well-known, successful company that is experiencing rapid growth in earnings and revenue, and usually pays little or no dividend. Growth-style funds - Growth funds focus on future gains.
A growth fund manager will typically invest in stocks with earnings that outperform the current market. The manager attempts to achieve success by focusing on rapidly growing sectors of the economy and investing in leading companies with consistent earnings growth. The fund grows primarily as individual share prices climb. Investment themes include activities such as affordable housing, education and healthcare. Investment stewardship - Engaging with companies and voting proxies to ensure our clients' interests are represented and protected and the company is focused on responsible allocation of capital and long-term value creation.
Index - An investment index tracks the performance of many investments as a way of measuring the overall performance of a particular investment type or category. It tracks the performance of large U. Inflation - A rise in the prices of goods and services, often equated with loss of purchasing power. Interest rate - The fixed amount of money that an issuer agrees to pay the bondholders.
It is most often a percentage of the face value of the bond. Interest rates constitute one of the self-regulating mechanisms of the market, falling in response to economic weakness and rising on strength. Interest-rate risk - The possibility of a reduction in the value of a security, especially a bond, resulting from a rise in interest rates. Investment advisor - An organization employed by a mutual fund to give professional advice on the fund's investments and asset management practices.
Investment company - A corporation, trust or partnership that invests pooled shareholder dollars in securities appropriate to the organization's objective. Mutual funds, closed-end funds and unit investment trusts are the three types of investment companies. Investment grade bonds - A bond generally considered suitable for purchase by prudent investors.
Investment objective - The goal of a mutual fund and its shareholders, e. In exchange for signing a letter of intent, the shareholder would often qualify for reduced sales charges. A letter of intent is not a contract and cannot be enforced, it is just a document stating serious intent to carry out certain business activities.
The performance of all mutual funds is ranked quarterly and annually, by type of fund such as aggressive growth fund or income fund. Mutual fund managers try to beat the industry average as well as the other funds in their category.
Liquidity - The ability to have ready access to invested money. Mutual funds are liquid because their shares can be redeemed for current value which may be more or less than the original cost on any business day. Loads back-end, front-end and no-load - Sales charges on mutual funds. A back-end load is assessed at redemption see contingent deferred sales charge , while a front-end load is paid at the time of purchase. No-load funds are free of sales charges.
Long-term investment strategy - A strategy that looks past the day-to-day fluctuations of the stock and bond markets and responds to fundamental changes in the financial markets or the economy. Market price - The current price of an asset. Market risk - The possibility that an investment will not achieve its target.
Market timing - A risky investment strategy that calls for buying and selling securities in anticipation of market conditions. Maturity - The date specified in a note or bond on which the debt is due and payable. Maturity distribution - The breakdown of a portfolio's assets based on the time frame when the investments will mature.
Median Market Cap - The midpoint of market capitalization market price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding of the stocks in a portfolio, where half the stocks have higher market capitalization and half have lower. Money market mutual fund - A short-term investment that seeks to protect principal and generate income by investing in Treasury bills, CDs with maturities less than one year and other conservative investments.
Morningstar ratings - System for rating open- and closed-end mutual funds and annuities by Morningstar Inc. The system rates funds from one to five stars, using a risk-adjusted performance rating in which performance equals total return of the fund. Mutual fund - Fund operated by an investment company that raises money from shareholders and invests it in stocks, bonds, options, commodities or money market securities.
NASDAQ is a computerized system that provides brokers and dealers with price quotations for securities traded over-the-counter as well as for many New York Stock Exchange listed securities. The fund's NAV is calculated daily by taking the fund's total assets, subtracting the fund's liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. The NAV does not include the sales charge. The process of calculating the NAV is called pricing. Number of Holdings - Total number of individual securities in a fund or portfolio.
For a stock portfolio, the ratio is the weighted average price-to-book ratio of the stocks it holds. Par value - Par value is the amount originally paid for a bond and the amount that will be repaid at maturity. Portfolio - A collection of investments owned by one organization or individual, and managed as a collective whole with specific investment goals in mind. Portfolio allocation - Amount of assets in a portfolio specifically designated for a certain type of investment.
Portfolio holdings - Investments included in a portfolio. Portfolio manager - The person or entity responsible for making investment decisions of the portfolio to meet the specific investment objective or goal of the portfolio. Positive tilt - An investment process which tilt a fund of portfolio toward a specific sector, company, or project based on specific values or norms-based criteria. A sustainable investment style in which the portfolio will be tilted toward sectors, companies, or projects with positive ESG characteristics.
There are several kinds of preferred stock, among them adjustable-rate and convertible. Premium - The amount by which a bond or stock sells above its par value. Price-to-book - The price per share of a stock divided by its book value net worth per share. Prospectus - Formal written offer to sell securities that sets forth the plan for proposed business enterprise or the facts concerning an existing one that an investor needs to make an informed decision. Prospectuses are also issued by mutual funds, containing information required by the SEC, such as history, background of managers, fund objectives and policies, financial statement, risks, services and fees.
Proxy - A shareholder vote on matters that require shareholders' approval. Public offering price POP - A mutual fund share's purchase price, including sales charges. A fund with an R2 of means that percent of the fund's movement can completely be explained by movements in the fund's external index benchmark.
Ratings - Evaluations of the credit quality of bonds usually made by independent rating services. Ratings generally measure the probability of timely repayment of principal and interest on debt securities. Recession - A downturn in economic activity, defined by many economists as at least two consecutive quarters of decline in a country's gross domestic product.
Redemption - Sale of mutual fund shares by a shareholder. Reinvestment option - Refers to an arrangement under which a mutual fund will apply dividends or capital gains distributions for its shareholders toward the purchase of additional shares. Relative risk and potential return - The amount of potential return from an investment as related to the amount of risk you are willing to accept. Renewable Energy Certificates RECs - A market-based instrument that is issued when one megawatt-hour of electricity is generated and delivered to the electricity grid from a renewable energy resource.
Rights of accumulation - The right to buy over a period of time. For example, this might be done by an institutional investor to avoid making a single substantial purchase that might drive up the market price, or by a retail investor who wants to reduce risk by dollar cost averaging.
Risk tolerance - The degree to which you can tolerate volatility in your investment values. By regulation, a mutual fund sales charge may not exceed 8. The charge may vary depending on the amount invested and the fund chosen. A sales charge or load is reflected in the asked or offering price. See loads. Sector - A group of similar securities, such as equities in a specific industry. Sector breakdown - Breakdown of securities in a portfolio by industry categories.
Securities - Another name for investments such as stocks or bonds. The name 'securities' comes from the documents that certify an investor's ownership of particular stocks or bonds. Securities and Exchange Commission SEC - The federal agency created by the Securities and Exchange Act of that administers the laws governing the securities industry, including the registration and distribution of mutual fund shares. Share - A unit of ownership in an investment, such as a share of a stock or a mutual fund.
Share class net assets date - Fund assets included in a specific share class. Share classes - Classes represent ownership in the same fund but charge different fees. This can enable shareholders to choose the type of fee structure that best suits their particular needs. Sharpe Ratio - A risk-adjusted measure that measures reward per unit of risk. The higher the sharpe ratio, the better. The numerator is the difference between the Fund's annualized return and the annualized return of the risk-free instrument T-Bills.
Short-term investment - Asset purchased with an investment life of less than a year. Standard Deviation - A statistical measure of the degree to which an individual value in a probability distribution tends to vary from the mean of the distribution.
Statement of additional information SAI - The supplementary document to a prospectus that contains more detailed information about a mutual fund; also known as 'Part B' of the prospectus. Stock - A long-term, growth-oriented investment representing ownership in a company; also known as 'equity.
Also called 'shareholder. Sustainability Bonds - Bond instrument where the proceeds will be exclusively applied to finance or re-finance a combination of both Green and Social Projects. Sustainable Development Goals SDGs - A United Nations Initiative for all countries to adopt 17 goals that address global challenges including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, and peace and justice.
Sustainable investing - A forward-looking investment approach that aims to deliver long-term sustainable financial return in a fast changing world. It encompasses a wide ranging spectrum of approaches, the core of which starts with the incorporation of ESG information. Systematic investment plan - A service option that allows investors to buy mutual fund shares on a regular schedule, usually through bank account deductions. Tax-exempt income - Tax-exempt income is income that is exempt from income taxes.
A purchaser of state municipal bonds is exempt from federal taxation on the income earned from the bonds. Thematic: An investment process that focuses on themes or assets specifically related to topic selected based on specific values or norms-based criteria. A sustainable investment style that focuses on themes or assets specifically related to sustainability, such as renewable energy, water or healthcare.
Bach also suggests eliminating personal debt as quickly as possible, spells out the mechanics of homeownership, writes about how to deal with investment brokers, and encourages charitable giving—specifically, tithing. He wraps up by writing that in less than an hour, you can set up your financial life for automatic payments to yourself and other entities—accounts for emergencies, dream projects, bill paying, and charitable donations.
His final message: What are you waiting for? Throughout the book, Lowry uses her conversational style to weave personal experiences together with the key points, descriptions of financial vehicles and theories, and common sense. She begins by telling you that you need to invest to build wealth and to start doing it early because of 1 compound interest, which helps your money grow faster; 2 inflation , which eats away at improperly invested funds; and 3 time, since compound interest does its job for you over time, and you can weather the ups and downs of the stock market better when you are younger and have decades in front of you.
At nearly 30, she ended up back home sleeping in a childhood bedroom with less money than she had as a teen. She had lost her condo, owed thousands of dollars, and had a curfew that her parents imposed. To add insult to injury, the country, and much of the world, was reeling from a financial crisis. That reality was sobering to her but proved to be a turning point, in which she did an about-face and got serious about her financial future.
Aliche started budgeting, saving, getting out of debt, and managing her credit, then helped others do the same. Her book is a step-by-step guide on how to come back from the edge financially that deals with budgeting, saving like a squirrel , getting out of debt, improving your credit score , increasing your income, protecting yourself by being covered by appropriate insurance, and investing in a number of vehicles and for various reasons, including retirement.
Sokunbi discusses how the stock market works, the importance of compounding, types of investing, how inflation impacts your financial picture, and the range of financial subjects. One is Regina Byrd, who is the founder and chief executive officer CEO of Prosper with Regina LLC, which specializes in helping clients—particularly single moms—create generational wealth, and is the author of 10 Prosperity Secrets for the Young and Fly.
The book follows with two pages of text about compound interest and a quiz at the end of each chapter. Each chapter signs off with a humorous fun fact or two. In this book, you get answers to everything from stocks to real estate, risks and returns, finding the right advisors, using investments to achieve your goals, and whether to invest in cryptocurrencies.
Tyson, the best-selling personal finance author of Investing for Dummies, Personal Finance for Dummies, and Home Buying Kit for Dummies, writes clearly and cleanly, while avoiding jargon that can cause readers to put a book down. He tackles investing for short-term goals, working toward buying a house, planning for financial independence and retirement, insuring yourself, and assessing your desires to take risks.
Final Verdict To educate yourself on compounding and living life, we have recommended The Joys of Compounding: The Passionate Pursuit of Lifelong Learning by Gautam Baid, which we cite as our best book about investing. Baid also tells you how to be a better person, which he believes is essential to becoming a wise and successful investor.
Why Trust Investopedia? Michelle Lodge is steeped in the book and book-reviewing world.
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