This method of communication is a very different approach than other ransomware attacks that usually provide some form of communication, whether through a dedicated Tor website, email, or messaging platforms. QNAP told BleepingComputer that they forced-installed this update as they believe the threat actors are using a remote code execution vulnerability fixed in the 5. However, a customer posted to the QNAP forum stating that they were encrypted even when they had this firmware version installed, indicating that the threat actors are likely exploiting a different vulnerability.
After asking for a comment on this, QNAP conceded that it could be another vulnerability exploited by the threat actors. Theoretically, we cannot exclude the possibility that there is the other vulnerability exploited. QNAP auto update settings QNAP asks customers to contact technical support if they are still receiving updates with that setting unchecked. Ransomware expert Michael Gillespie told BleepingComputer that ransomware is initially launched with a config file, which likely contains various data, including an encryption key used to encrypt files.
When encrypting files, the ransomware will only target files with the following file extensions:. For example, test. If a ransom is paid, the threat actors will create a bitcoin transaction to the same bitcoin ransom address that contains the decryption key for the victim. The SHA hash for the master decryption key is 93faeeb5acc62dea8db0da4ff14de6f89b However, QNAP's forced firmware updates are causing the executable and index.
A hard fork followed by an airdrop results in the distribution of units of the new cryptocurrency to addresses containing the legacy cryptocurrency. However, a hard fork is not always followed by an airdrop. A taxpayer generally receives cryptocurrency from an airdrop on the date and at the time it is recorded on the distributed ledger.
However, a taxpayer may constructively receive cryptocurrency before the airdrop is recorded. Conversely, a taxpayer does not have receipt of cryptocurrency when the airdrop is recorded if the taxpayer is not able to exercise dominion and control over the cryptocurrency. Instead, the taxpayer is treated as receiving the new cryptocurrency when the taxpayer later acquires the ability to transfer, sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of it.
Example 1 Amy holds 50 units of Crypto M, a cryptocurrency. On February 1, the distributed ledger for Crypto M experiences a hard fork, resulting in the creation of Crypto N. Crypto N is not airdropped or otherwise transferred to any account that Amy owns or controls. Since Amy does not receive units of Crypto N, she does not have gross income from the hard fork. Example 2 Bob holds 50 units of Crypto R, a cryptocurrency. On March 15, the distributed ledger for Crypto R experiences a hard fork, resulting in the creation of Crypto S.
Bob now holds 50 units of Crypto R and 25 units of Crypto S. Bob receives the Crypto S solely because he owns Crypto R at the time of the hard fork. After the airdrop, transactions involving Crypto S are recorded on the new distributed ledger, while transactions involving Crypto R continue to be recorded on the legacy distributed ledger. Bob received a new asset, Crypto S, in the airdrop following the hard fork; therefore, he has ordinary income in the tax year he receives the Crypto S. He has dominion and control of Crypto S at the time of the airdrop, when it is recorded on the distributed ledger, because he immediately has the ability to dispose of Crypto S.
Employers and employees. Employees who receive virtual currency from their employer as payment for services must include the fair market value of the virtual currency in income. Independent contractors. An individual who receives virtual currency for performing services as an independent contractor has self-employment income equal to the fair market value of the virtual currency measured in U.
As self-employment income, virtual currency payments are subject to self-employment tax, as discussed at Self-Employment Tax. Example Pat is an unmarried independent contractor who is paid 2 bitcoin on May 1, and 3 bitcoin on November 1. Pat has no other income for the year. Pat computes self-employment tax as follows. Mining includes activities like using computer resources to validate bitcoin transactions and maintain the public bitcoin transaction ledger.
An individual who mines virtual currency as a trade or business and not as an employee is subject to self-employment tax on the income from the mining activities. Net earnings from self-employment from the mining activity is the gross income derived from the trade or business of mining less allowable deductions. Gain or Loss from Virtual Currency Transactions Taxpayers who exchange virtual currency for other property have gain or loss on the transaction.
Like other exchanges of property, the amount of gain or loss is based on the difference between the fair market value of the property received and the adjusted basis of the property given up. See Determining Gain or Loss for further discussion. When a cryptocurrency transaction is facilitated by a cryptocurrency exchange, the value of the cryptocurrency is the amount that is recorded by the cryptocurrency exchange for that transaction in U. If the transaction is facilitated by a centralized or decentralized cryptocurrency exchange but is not recorded on a distributed ledger or is otherwise an off-chain transaction, the fair market value of the cryptocurrency is the amount it was trading for on the exchange at the date and time the transaction would have been recorded on the ledger if it had been an on-chain transaction.
In off-chain transactions, the IRS will accept as evidence of fair market value the value as determined by a cryptocurrency or blockchain explorer that analyzes worldwide indices of a cryptocurrency and calculates the value of the cryptocurrency at an exact date and time.
If the taxpayer receives cryptocurrency in an off-chain transaction in exchange for property or services, and that cryptocurrency is not traded on any cryptocurrency exchange and does not have a published value, the fair market value of the cryptocurrency received is equal to the fair market value of the property or services exchanged for the cryptocurrency when the transaction occurs.
The basis of virtual currency received as payment for goods or services is the fair market value of the virtual currency in U. The basis of property purchased with virtual currency is the fair market value of the property at the time of the purchase. See Capital Gains for further discussion. Comment Some virtual economies may function similarly to barter exchanges, which facilitate exchanges of goods or services in lieu of monetary payments. For example, a carpenter may build a desk for a dentist in exchange for dental work.
Barter transactions are taxable, and taxpayers must report the fair market value of the good or service received.
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