Another approach has been shared access which can occur in e. Both approaches can be facilitated and accelerated by the use of Universal Service Funds USFs , many of which have funds collected but unfortunately still not utilized. One path to connect the next billion users is elaborated in Featured Insight 9, which examines the use of USFs for expanding the market and connecting more people.
These challenges can be overcome successfully at the national level, as shown by the experience of TFYR Macedonia with rural broadband Featured Insight Studies by ITu28 show that the economic benefits of broadband increase with penetration, and there is a threshold to reach before the full benefits are achieved. The digital divide is therefore also an economic divide, which may be increasing over time.
The Broadband Commission has established goals for countries to close these gaps, and good progress has been achieved; however, many communities still remain unserved, particularly low-income and remote populations. In fact, over 4 billion people still lack Internet connections ITu, , creating a formidable task ahead, as shown in the Box figure overleaf.
Gaps in access, affordability, awareness, and skills still need to be addressed. Market mechanisms have done well to connect the first two billion, and new business models including PPPs are well on the way to connecting the third billion.
Connecting the remaining 4 billion people with broadband Internet access requires some public intervention, recognizing that market forces are not sufficient in the near term. Turkey is using uSfs and other funds to transform the education system, providing electronic whiteboards, laptops, and tablets, along with a 21st century curricula and teacher training30, which have increased broadband use.
Shared access provides a number of benefits, including: low-cost access to devices and the Internet, digital skills training, and e-government services. Most successful uSfs have established hundreds or thousands of telecentres in remote areas. In Colombia, Malaysia, Pakistan, or Ghana, telecentres are providing Internet access to millions of underserved villagers, along with essential skills and services. In India and Bangladesh, there are tens of thousands of Internet centres, some managed by villagers where they act as agents of the banks with bill paying, and microloan financing or agents of the Government.
Sadly, despite the benefits of uSfs, many of the funds around the world remain underutilized. Connecting the masses will bring great benefits. Source: Intel Corporation. The project has been operational since , and provides free Internet through Wi-fi kiosks in rural locations with undeveloped infrastructure. Its fundamental aim is to bridge the digital gap between urban and rural regions, as well as encouraging operators to invest in broadband and Box figure 1: Extending Broadband Access to Everyone Source: Intel.
The institution in charge for this project is the Ministry of Information Society and administration. By providing Wi-fi kiosks in different rural municipalities, Internet is offered free for four years. The number of Wi-fi kiosks per region ranges from 13 in the north to 84 in the South-east of Macedonia, with an average of 52 kiosks per region. The project has proved very successful, according to an evaluation by a World Bank team in november It has enabled access to Internet for the first time for many settlements, and the benefits are far greater than originally expected.
The Internet is increasingly used by residents in hard-to-reach and remote areas. This project enables citizens to obtain easily information in fields of interest: agriculture, farming, education etc. Source: H. Satellite broadband connections can be deployed rapidly without large investments in terrestrial infrastructure — users only need a satellite antenna and a modem to obtain broadband access, at virtually zero marginal cost Featured Insight The latest satellite technologies are very advanced in terms of their reliability, speed of deployment, and security, and the next generation will deliver higher transmission speeds competing with other broadband technologies in speed and costs Featured Insight Today, satellite communication systems are being used to offer telehealth and distance learning applications.
Satellite communications can provide swift response in disaster situations, where terrestrial infrastructure may have been destroyed and speed is critical. New innovations such as the development of cognitive radio and white space radio technologies can also play a role in saving lives Featured Insight Satellites are attractive for the interconnection of high-speed networks over large geographical areas. While much broadband communication is currently carried via terrestrial links, satellites will play a greater role in future Satellites are a powerful and relatively inexpensive tool, especially for video links between multiple users.
Their costs are constantly decreasing and satellites are a tested and reliable means for broadband communication. Broadband satellite systems have developed enormously to meet fast-growing demand, and now play an important role in air-space-ground integrated communications networks Significant efforts have been made by european institutions and industry to deploy satellite broadband solutions to offer ubiquitous broadband, especially in rural areas, at subscription prices and with performance comparable to adSl With the latest Ka-SaT high throughput communications and spot-beam technology, end-users can benefit from 20 Mbps links downstream and 6 Mbps upstream, regardless of their location Very soon, the development of ground segment technology will enable eutelsat to offer higher broadband speeds and services with the same capacity.
Subject to limits imposed by national laws, governments and industry should remain aware of satellite broadband services for citizens, institutions and firms to implement national ICT policies and public priorities for broadband. The european Commission announced in mid-october that every eu household was now able to have a basic broadband connection, given the pan-european availability of satellite broadband.
In asia, satellite connectivity offers significant benefits across the region, especially in areas outside hubs such as hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo and Seoul , where broadband costs remain high, fibre infrastructure remains poor and where there is a need for 3G cellular backhaul across large distances.
The role of satellite systems was recognized by ITu Member States at WTdC in three resolutions acknowledging the benefits that satellites provide to remote areas, and in helping bridge the digital divide between urban, remote and rural regions with inadequate coverage via conventional fixed-line services. Project Share offered free satellite capacity to test telehealth and rural and remote educational projects all over the world.
This network has over 90, antennae in operation in all parts of China and reaches over 3 million students. Indeed Project Share has supported some 20 projects and 43 countries around the world over its thirty-year lifetime. Such networks provide a range of telehealth benefits including delivering health services to remote communities, reducing the need for travel, providing timely access to services and specialists, improving the ability to identify developing conditions and educating, training and supporting remote healthcare workers.
Today, the use of hybrid satellite and terrestrial systems is also being considered for broadband, where satellites are used to feed terminals at local centres and terrestrial retransmission via wireless is used for last-mile connectivity. While much broadband communication today is carried via terrestrial links, a new era of satellite connectivity is dawning. Source: Mr. Two weeks later, on 8 november , Typhoon haiyan struck as the deadliest typhoon on record in the Philippines, killing at least 6, people and the strongest storm recorded at landfall in terms of wind speed.
Its impact was devastating, affecting around eleven million people, with many left homeless. The resulting network provided immediate two-way voice and data wireless communications for anyone with a functioning device such as a handset, laptop, tablet , who came within range of the network. The network initially covered a distance of 1 km, but eventually extended reach to between km, providing speeds of Mbps.
Prior to the deployment of the TVWS network, anyone who wanted to access communications had to attend a government centre to access the satellite link — a journey that was dangerous, challenging, and long in the wake of the typhoon.
The network deployment extended this reach dramatically, at under a tenth of the cost of viable alternatives, and provided communications during disaster relief efforts. Internet connectivity was vital to speeding up disaster relief and recovery efforts in both the Bohol and haiyan events, enabling communication between nGos and their home bases. The Internet connection is since being used by the school in lessons. Source: Microsoft. Did you Know Technology and Internet Statistics, www.
Employment Projections: Summary ITU studies by Dr. Chapter 1. Friedman, D. Tian, Q. Chuberre, O. Mohr, N. The deadline of is fast approaching and the process is well-advanced for defining a new post development framework, including a specific goal for education.
It is interesting to examine to what extent progress towards EFA goals has been successfully supported by broadband and ICTs. This chapter does not aim to provide a comprehensive assessment of educational achievement which is already underway in the run-up to Rather, it showcases a number of promising initiatives, which provide important references for the ongoing discussions about the post educational landscape. This chapter offers indications as to how broadband and ICTs can work as enablers for a renewed push towards achieving good quality education for all.
Policy-makers have realized that, in an increasingly globalized world, knowledge and skills pave the way for knowledge- based societies and economies. They agreed on six EFA goals which were considered essential, attainable and affordable, given strong international and country commitment see Box 5 below. Box 5: The Six education for all efa Goals goal 1: Early childhood care and education Expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged children.
It provides examples to illustrate how the use of ICTs is helping these countries to address issues of access, equity, quality and relevance, as part of their commitments in Dakar. The present global education landscape is contrasting. It highlights that, while progress has been made in achieving some of the goals, EFA largely remains an unfinished business.
With new priorities likely to emerge beyond , education should lie at the heart of the post- global development agenda as a foundation for empowerment and advancement Box 6. This includes 1. The following sections highlight a number of promising initiatives in these areas. With ever faster connection speeds through broadband, a growing number of governments are recognizing the vast potential that broadband technologies carry to enhance learning opportunities, to transform the teaching and learning environment, to increase access to quality content that is linguistically and culturally diverse, and ultimately to rethink and transform their education systems.
Provided it is available and affordable to all, broadband- powered applications and quality content can be powerful levers for achieving EFA goals. Inclusive, universal and equitable broadband roll-out can be a tremendous accelerator for personal development. However, access to broadband is only one part of the picture — developing human capacity is vital, especially for teachers and teacher trainers.
Several successful policy initiatives in support of EFA have been put in place in many countries, thanks to the rapid development of digital technologies. For example, Malaysia is committed to achieving an education system that serves the needs of its younger generation to meet the demands of the 21st century. VLE is a part of the broader Malaysia Education Blueprint, , which aims to ensure that Malaysian students learn how to use ICTs, and can leverage them to enhance learning.
Under the 1BestariNet initiative, all 10, schools in Malaysia must be provided with broadband access via either a Mbps or Mbps connectivity. Since this is a nationwide programme, there are many challenges such as: i ensuring the necessary infrastructure is put in place; ii ensuring all stakeholders are provided with access IDs; iii managing change; iv undertaking training programmes for school principals, teachers and students; v ensuring quality VLE resources; and vi constant monitoring and evaluation of the VLE.
The most challenging tasks are in training and managing change. A total of 17, school principals and teachers have been trained on the use of VLE in teaching and learning, while a substantial number of students have also undergone training since its implementation in January Each training phase is progressive and aimed at developing basic to advanced skills in the use of VLE.
The training is also geared towards the development of a community of practitioners, whereby teachers are encouraged to develop training materials and learning sites. To date, some 4, learning sites have been developed by teachers. As in any newly developed programme implemented on a national basis, continuous evaluation is undertaken to gauge programme effectiveness in delivering the desired goals and objectives.
Digital inclusion still remains a big challenge, and countries are continuously looking for the best ways in which technology and ICTs can provide solutions to reach the unreached and enhance traditional delivery modes and pedagogies. Some examples can demonstrate how governments are striving to empower learners with technology, often with the contribution of the private sector.
The Broadband for All Initiative in South Africa is one example of a PPP between government, non- governmental organizations and industry, designed to address digital inclusion by narrowing the divide between the connected and unconnected. The project aims to build a novel ecosystem using wireless mesh networks for delivering broadband infrastructure in underserved areas. South Africa has around 26, primary and secondary schools, of which at least 17, are in remote rural villages without Internet connectivity.
Providing broadband access to these schools could enhance education quality and reduce inequalities. To acquire 21st century skills, students should be empowered as self- directed learners, critical thinkers, problem-solvers and independent lifelong learners. To achieve this vision, many countries, including developing countries, have initiated learner-centred programmes to motivate youth to learn and perform at school, and are introducing new literacy concepts such as media and information literacy Box 8.
To reap the benefits of broadband in education, it is important that governments put in place consistent policies for education and technology, as well as sustained financial investments. In the framework of the One Laptop per Child OLPC project, by the end of , , laptops were deployed to schools across the country.
Capacity-building for heads of schools, teachers and local technicians has been the crucial priority for the OLPC Rwanda. Training of teachers from schools has been conducted in the initial phase. Another example is Zambia, which, like other developing countries, faces significant challenges with delivering education. These include shortages of teachers, books and learning material, large class sizes and a continuing dependence on rote learning.
The iSchool Zambia project Box 9 , a multi-stakeholder initiative between the Ministry of Education, Intel, Cambridge University and the University of Zambia, takes advantage of the rapid spread and growing use of Internet technologies to deliver education services. Featured Insight 13 describes how multi- stakeholder partnerships can provide innovative new approaches to education and entrepreneurship.
The challenges are also linked to a growing influence of media and the need for better management of information and knowledge in the professional and societal spheres. Media and Information Literacy MIL represents a set of knowledge, attitudes and skills needed to access, analyse, evaluate, use, produce and communicate information, media content and knowledge in an ethical way in order to engage in personal, professional and societal activities.
UNESCO believes that every citizen needs to learn more about the opportunities and threats coming from virtual world and manage resources. This evidence- based information subsequently helps Member States to monitor the implementation of education and ICT policies in developing 21st century capacities, and to design new strategies and plans to suit their needs. Box 9: iSchool — Transformative learning in the zambian Classroom iSchool is a complete blended eLearning solution that covers the entire Zambian primary curriculum.
It provides detailed lesson plans for teachers some 6, in total guiding them towards interactive enquiry-based learning. For students, there are thousands of fun, colourful, interactive multimedia lessons, available in English and in 8 local languages. For teachers, there is also a one-year professional development course guiding them towards the new style of learning.
The same iSchool content is also available via free-standing purpose-built netbook devices, or via the web. There are home, school and teacher versions. Broadband Internet can now bring modern eLearning to isolated schools. Source: www. The programme aims to promote an entrepreneurial spirit among young people and to enable them to realize their ideas, as well as giving visibility to their endeavours and projects, so other young people may get inspired, thus creating a multiplier effect.
It exposes young people from all backgrounds to the possibilities of technology. Think Big School operates across europe engaging a wide range of stakeholders to ensure that the possibilities of digital education are open to all. Since , the programme has supported over 6, projects and trained a total of 11, young people in six european countries Spain, Germany, Slovakia, Ireland, the u.
Over recent years, the promise of one-to- one ICT solutions have shifted from laptops to newer and more mobile technologies, including tablet computers and mobile phones. Due to their convenience, ease of use, affordability and ubiquity, mobile technologies are being increasingly explored in an effort to support authentic and relevant learning and teaching. One programme which follows these guidelines closely is the Open Your Tomorrow programme Box 10 , an innovative initiative launched in May in Lebanon, which illustrates how mobile learning can be scaled up to serve the needs of the overall education system, particularly in the context of a nationwide effort.
The initiative will create a disruptive environment for successful educational transformation across Lebanon. However, Internet access for households in developed countries has slowed in its growth since , and is nearing saturation, with over three-quarters of households already connected to the Internet.
Although developing countries show an accelerating trend in Internet access from onwards, the proportion of households in developing countries with access to the Internet currently falls short of the target, at just This global average masks strong regional disparities in access — for example, in Africa, only one tenth of households have Internet access. For national rankings, see Annex 4.
There are 77 economies where more than half the population now has access to the Internet. For national rankings, see Annexes 5, 6 and 7. This implies that global growth in Internet usage is happening more quickly than previously anticipated. In the developing world, Internet penetration will reach For the national rankings of developing countries, see Annex 6.
If women and girls are unable to enjoy the same access to ICTs, and relevant content, they can find themselves at a serious disadvantage in becoming fully literate, learning about and exercising their rights, participating in public and policy-making processes and accessing skilled jobs Sex-disaggregated data are not yet widely available for broadband connectivity.
Based on Internet usage data as a proxy, ITU estimated there were 1. To be successful, these actions should tackle the root causes of the existing gender inequalities in societies, i. ITU and telecentre. By January , over one million poor and marginalized women have been empowered through this initiative UNESCO is assisting its Member States in formulating and implementing national information policies in a gender-inclusive manner, empowering women through access to information and knowledge and the use of ICTs.
It is hoped that these activities will guide national stakeholders in adopting enabling policies with a strong gender equity perspective to reduce the digital gender gap. There is today growing evidence that broadband is making a tangible difference in the lives of people around the world. Broadband and ICTs can play a fundamental role in giving people voice and access to knowledge, information and education and supporting the development of new skills and employment opportunities.
One clear trend in this regard is the development of a more complex broadband ecosystem in trying to address the complex challenges of human development Featured Insight 6. In seeking to use ICTs to help tackle complex problems of human development, more diverse stakeholders are involved. Broadband providers must work with health workers or with financial service providers e. Featured InsIght 6: the expandIng broadband eco-system — an engIne oF transFormatIon and progress For sustaInable development Broadband has come a long way in a very short period of time.
Business processes and business models of our organizations are continuing to transform and create a demand for knowledge workers. Broadband has to be integrated into new business models for strategic success. Collaborative models are needed for innovation, commitments, resource-sharing and participation to serve the many diverse needs and demands of our societies.
Job creation and economic empowerment are vital means of bridging development gaps. The broadband ecosystem initially involved nGos, network operators, academia, hardware and software providers, ICT policy-makers and regulators. We have to promote and be willing to share the risks and the rewards in reconciling the sometimes different interests of diverse organizations.
Collective business models must now include collaborative innovation and be focused on the changing socio- economic needs and demand. I am currently working with several universities in the u. Source: Dr. ICTs are empowering billions of people by helping them make more informed decisions, from providing access to education or health information to making electronic payments enabling people to set aside valuable savings and survive economic shocks.
Mobile phones are today increasingly powerful portals granting access to the online world, making people more informed and enabling them to exercise choice and make better decisions, improving their lives and livelihoods.
Table 2 outlines some of the ways in which broadband, and especially mobile broadband, is making a difference and improving the lives of people around the world. Broadband connectivity is not a substitute or panacea, but when integrated with existing systems, it can enhance service delivery or facilitate new services and to help deliver the best results Table 2. A number of studies have found that ICTs are a major driver of economic growth, as well as improved productivity6, reduced transaction costs and job creation7.
Universal Education Broadband-powered applications and content can be powerful levers for achieving broader education goals — see Chapter 5. A number of countries e. Turkey, Lebanon and Uruguay are providing students and teachers with laptops as a tool for improving education. Various studies have reported that men and women are using ICTs differently, with men generally using ICTs more and using more sophisticated apps — for example, in a selection of Arab countries, men use ICTs more extensively for e-commerce than women Hospitals connected via broadband networks are also enabling remote diagnosis and support for maternal health.
For example, WE CARE Solar in Nigeria provides healthcare workers and midwives with mobile phones and reliable lighting using solar electricity to facilitate safer deliveries. ICTs can be used to bring information about HIV, treatments and access to confidential medical records closer to patients Environment The ICT sector has been estimated to contribute Partnership The benefits of new technologies, especially ICTs, should be made available in cooperation with the private sector In conjunction with public sector policy leadership, the private sector has driven expansion in the markets for fixed and mobile broadband.
Many National Broadband Plans focus on the importance of PPPs for expanding access to broadband networks and services — in , more than six out of ten Plans include reference to the role of PPPs On a national scale, broadband can help ensure that health systems or networks no longer work in isolation, and can help connect up these systems to national repositories and ministerial databases to provide national digital health records. Governments and health agencies are able to create accurate and reliable health records for growing numbers of citizens, leading to improved care and higher life expectancy.
Even more importantly, ICTs may be engendering a whole new approach to healthcare by enabling people to be better informed and engage in prevention through better hygiene, rather than treatment. Efficient cross-sector collaboration between health and ICTs is particularly important in the development and scaling of mHealth. Featured InsIght 7: broadband as a catalyst For better health ICTs and broadband are changing the world in ways we could not have imagined even ten years ago, while innovation and progress continue to accelerate.
Broadband is bringing technological advances to the service of all humanity, and putting people at the centre, through the use of innovative real-life applications in fields such as healthcare. In the 21st century, and in shaping the post development agenda, we cannot ignore the vital role that ICTs and broadband will play in improving the lives of every single person on the planet. Clearly, we all recognize this — so ICTs need to play a central role in the post development process.
This is crucial, because so much development depends on healthcare-related goals and targets — and ICTs and broadband will play a gigantic role in achieving these. Broadband services are enabling huge advances in the provision of healthcare services worldwide — and especially in the developing world, where the gap between healthcare availability and healthcare provision is widest. ICTs have the potential to save millions of lives a year.
These apps can make a real difference on the ground — even where there are no Internet connections available. These apps typically process a picture taken by the phone of a blood sample, detect malaria parasites, quantify how many parasites are in the sample, and even highlight the parasites in the photo. Many people may not even know that they have diabetes as they are unaware of the causes and symptoms of diabetes, and often have limited access to health services, particularly in rural areas.
The mdiabetes project in Senegal aims to address some of these challenges by using mobile phones to increase awareness among the population about diabetes symptoms and sending preventive messages, as well as educating patients about how to better manage their disease. The first phase of the project was launched in June , sending free text messages that aim to increase awareness and help people with diabetes to avoid complications triggered by fasting and feasting during ramadan.
This multi-stakeholder partnership is a solid base to build a national project with financially sustainable models to ensure the long-term viability of solutions. C ha pt er 4C ha pt er 49 C ha pt er 4 The deployment of broadband and ICT networks in remote and rural areas faces particular challenges, including low population density, challenging geography and lower incomes in rural areas, which can all eat into operating margins, making it difficult for networks to remain commercially viable see Chapter 6.
Some argue that the challenge for rural, and often less commercially viable areas with low population density and lower market demand lies not in implementation, but in the funding and investment in services. In reviewing the history of Internet growth, there are several stages in the expansion of the Internet and access device affordability.
Initially, subscription-based services helped the first two billion users to access the Internet. Prepaid-based services enabled nearly another one billion users to come online, for whom long-term broadband subscriptions were not easily affordable.
As the focus shifts to bringing the next four to seven billion people online, their low income levels may need different strategies to connectivity. One possible approach is very low-cost mobile phones. Another approach has been shared access which can occur in e. Both approaches can be facilitated and accelerated by the use of Universal Service Funds USFs , many of which have funds collected but unfortunately still not utilized. One path to connect the next billion users is elaborated in Featured Insight 9, which examines the use of USFs for expanding the market and connecting more people.
These challenges can be overcome successfully at the national level, as shown by the experience of TFYR Macedonia with rural broadband Featured Insight Studies by ITu28 show that the economic benefits of broadband increase with penetration, and there is a threshold to reach before the full benefits are achieved.
The digital divide is therefore also an economic divide, which may be increasing over time. The Broadband Commission has established goals for countries to close these gaps, and good progress has been achieved; however, many communities still remain unserved, particularly low-income and remote populations.
In fact, over 4 billion people still lack Internet connections ITu, , creating a formidable task ahead, as shown in the Box figure overleaf. Gaps in access, affordability, awareness, and skills still need to be addressed. Market mechanisms have done well to connect the first two billion, and new business models including PPPs are well on the way to connecting the third billion.
Connecting the remaining 4 billion people with broadband Internet access requires some public intervention, recognizing that market forces are not sufficient in the near term. Turkey is using uSfs and other funds to transform the education system, providing electronic whiteboards, laptops, and tablets, along with a 21st century curricula and teacher training30, which have increased broadband use. Shared access provides a number of benefits, including: low-cost access to devices and the Internet, digital skills training, and e-government services.
Most successful uSfs have established hundreds or thousands of telecentres in remote areas. In Colombia, Malaysia, Pakistan, or Ghana, telecentres are providing Internet access to millions of underserved villagers, along with essential skills and services. In India and Bangladesh, there are tens of thousands of Internet centres, some managed by villagers where they act as agents of the banks with bill paying, and microloan financing or agents of the Government. Sadly, despite the benefits of uSfs, many of the funds around the world remain underutilized.
Connecting the masses will bring great benefits. Source: Intel Corporation. The project has been operational since , and provides free Internet through Wi-fi kiosks in rural locations with undeveloped infrastructure. Its fundamental aim is to bridge the digital gap between urban and rural regions, as well as encouraging operators to invest in broadband and Box figure 1: Extending Broadband Access to Everyone Source: Intel. The institution in charge for this project is the Ministry of Information Society and administration.
By providing Wi-fi kiosks in different rural municipalities, Internet is offered free for four years. The number of Wi-fi kiosks per region ranges from 13 in the north to 84 in the South-east of Macedonia, with an average of 52 kiosks per region. The project has proved very successful, according to an evaluation by a World Bank team in november It has enabled access to Internet for the first time for many settlements, and the benefits are far greater than originally expected.
The Internet is increasingly used by residents in hard-to-reach and remote areas. This project enables citizens to obtain easily information in fields of interest: agriculture, farming, education etc. Source: H. Satellite broadband connections can be deployed rapidly without large investments in terrestrial infrastructure — users only need a satellite antenna and a modem to obtain broadband access, at virtually zero marginal cost Featured Insight The latest satellite technologies are very advanced in terms of their reliability, speed of deployment, and security, and the next generation will deliver higher transmission speeds competing with other broadband technologies in speed and costs Featured Insight Today, satellite communication systems are being used to offer telehealth and distance learning applications.
Satellite communications can provide swift response in disaster situations, where terrestrial infrastructure may have been destroyed and speed is critical. New innovations such as the development of cognitive radio and white space radio technologies can also play a role in saving lives Featured Insight Satellites are attractive for the interconnection of high-speed networks over large geographical areas. While much broadband communication is currently carried via terrestrial links, satellites will play a greater role in future Satellites are a powerful and relatively inexpensive tool, especially for video links between multiple users.
Their costs are constantly decreasing and satellites are a tested and reliable means for broadband communication. Broadband satellite systems have developed enormously to meet fast-growing demand, and now play an important role in air-space-ground integrated communications networks Significant efforts have been made by european institutions and industry to deploy satellite broadband solutions to offer ubiquitous broadband, especially in rural areas, at subscription prices and with performance comparable to adSl With the latest Ka-SaT high throughput communications and spot-beam technology, end-users can benefit from 20 Mbps links downstream and 6 Mbps upstream, regardless of their location Very soon, the development of ground segment technology will enable eutelsat to offer higher broadband speeds and services with the same capacity.
Subject to limits imposed by national laws, governments and industry should remain aware of satellite broadband services for citizens, institutions and firms to implement national ICT policies and public priorities for broadband. The european Commission announced in mid-october that every eu household was now able to have a basic broadband connection, given the pan-european availability of satellite broadband.
In asia, satellite connectivity offers significant benefits across the region, especially in areas outside hubs such as hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo and Seoul , where broadband costs remain high, fibre infrastructure remains poor and where there is a need for 3G cellular backhaul across large distances. The role of satellite systems was recognized by ITu Member States at WTdC in three resolutions acknowledging the benefits that satellites provide to remote areas, and in helping bridge the digital divide between urban, remote and rural regions with inadequate coverage via conventional fixed-line services.
Project Share offered free satellite capacity to test telehealth and rural and remote educational projects all over the world. This network has over 90, antennae in operation in all parts of China and reaches over 3 million students. Indeed Project Share has supported some 20 projects and 43 countries around the world over its thirty-year lifetime. Such networks provide a range of telehealth benefits including delivering health services to remote communities, reducing the need for travel, providing timely access to services and specialists, improving the ability to identify developing conditions and educating, training and supporting remote healthcare workers.
Today, the use of hybrid satellite and terrestrial systems is also being considered for broadband, where satellites are used to feed terminals at local centres and terrestrial retransmission via wireless is used for last-mile connectivity.
While much broadband communication today is carried via terrestrial links, a new era of satellite connectivity is dawning. Source: Mr. Two weeks later, on 8 november , Typhoon haiyan struck as the deadliest typhoon on record in the Philippines, killing at least 6, people and the strongest storm recorded at landfall in terms of wind speed. Its impact was devastating, affecting around eleven million people, with many left homeless. The resulting network provided immediate two-way voice and data wireless communications for anyone with a functioning device such as a handset, laptop, tablet , who came within range of the network.
The network initially covered a distance of 1 km, but eventually extended reach to between km, providing speeds of Mbps. Prior to the deployment of the TVWS network, anyone who wanted to access communications had to attend a government centre to access the satellite link — a journey that was dangerous, challenging, and long in the wake of the typhoon.
The network deployment extended this reach dramatically, at under a tenth of the cost of viable alternatives, and provided communications during disaster relief efforts. Internet connectivity was vital to speeding up disaster relief and recovery efforts in both the Bohol and haiyan events, enabling communication between nGos and their home bases.
The Internet connection is since being used by the school in lessons. Source: Microsoft. Did you Know Technology and Internet Statistics, www.
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